The Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE) is a widely used integrated assessment model linking the global economy, carbon cycle, and climate system in a unified framework. DICE provides a transparent and flexible platform for analyzing climate policy, long-run growth, and the social cost of carbon.

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Image: Estimated 2025 climate damages per capita relative to regional per capita income, scaled from 1.7% in Africa to 0.2% in North America.